AN INTRODUCTION TO PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

1 Impact of Maintenance ........................... 1
1.1 Maintenance management methods ...... 2
1.2 Optimizing predictive maintenance......... 10
2 Financial Implications and Cost
Justification ................................................ 23
2.1 Assessing the need for condition
monitoring ..................................................... 24
2.2 Cost justification ..................................... 25
2.3 Justifying predictive maintenance........... 29
2.4 Economics of preventive maintenance... 32
3 Role of Maintenance Organization ........ 43
3.1 Maintenance mission.............................. 43
3.2 Evaluation of the maintenance
organization .................................................. 44
3.3 Designing a predictive maintenance
program ........................................................ 50
4 Benefits of Predictive Maintenance....... 60
4.1 Primary uses of predictive
maintenance ................................................. 61
5 Machine-Train Monitoring
Parameters.................................................. 74
5.1 Drivers .................................................... 75
5.2 Intermediate drives ................................. 78
5.3 Driven components................................. 86
6 Predictive Maintenance Techniques ..... 99
6.1 Vibration monitoring................................ 99
6.2 Themography ......................................... 105
6.3 Tribology ................................................. 108
6.4 Visual inspections ................................... 111
6.5 Ultrasonics .............................................. 111
6.6 Other techniques .................................... 112
7 Vibration Monitoring and Analysis ........ 114
7.1 Vibration analysis applications ............... 114
7.2 Vibration analysis overview .................... 117
7.3 Vibration sources.................................... 122
7.4 Vibration theory ...................................... 125
7.5 Machine dynamics .................................. 132
7.6 Vibration data types and formats............ 146
7.7 Data acquisition ...................................... 152
7.8 Vibration analyses techniques ................ 161
Appendix 7.1 Abbreviations .......................... 165
Appendix 7.2 Glossary ................................. 166
Appendix 7.3 References ............................. 171
8 Thermography ......................................... 172
8.1 Infrared basics ........................................ 172
8.2 Types of infrared instruments ................. 174
8.3 Training................................................... 175
8.4 Basic infrared theory............................... 176
8.5 Infrared equipment ................................. 178
8.6 Infrared thermography safety ................. 179
8.7 Infrared thermography procedures ......... 179
8.8 Types of infrared problems..................... 179
Appendix 8.1 Abbreviations .......................... 183
Appendix 8.2 Glossary ................................. 183
Appendix 8.3 Electrical terminology ............. 187
Appendix 8.4 Materials list............................ 193
9 Tribology .................................................. 202
9.1 Lubricating oil analysis ........................... 203
9.2 Setting up an effective program.............. 208
10 Process Parameters.............................. 217
10.1 Pumps .................................................. 218
10.2 Fans, blowers, and fluidizers ................ 225
10.3 Conveyors ............................................ 229
10.4 Compressors ........................................ 229
10.5 Mixers and agitators ............................. 240
10.6 Dust collectors ...................................... 240
10.7 Process rolls ......................................... 241
10.8 Gearboxes/reducers ............................. 242
10.9 Steam traps .......................................... 249
10.10 Inverters.............................................. 249
10.11 Control valves ..................................... 249
10.12 Seals and packing .............................. 251
11 Ultrasonics............................................. 256
11.1 Ultrasonic applications.......................... 256
11.2 Types of ultrasonic systems ................. 257
11.3 Limitations ............................................ 258
12 Visual Inspection................................... 259
12.1 Visual inspection methods .................... 260
12.2 Thresholds ............................................ 263
13 Operating Dynamics Analysis ............. 267
13.1 It’s not predictive maintenance ............. 267
14 Failure-Mode Analysis .......................... 285
14.1 Common general failure modes ........... 286
14.2 Failure modes by machine-train
component.................................................... 301
15 Establishing A Predictive
Maintenance Program................................ 325
15.1 Goals, objectives, and benefits............. 325
15.2 Functional requirements ....................... 326
15.3 Selling predictive maintenance
programs ...................................................... 330
15.4 Selecting a predictive maintenance
system .......................................................... 334
15.5 Database development......................... 343
15.6 Getting started ...................................... 348
16 A Total-Plant Predictive
Maintenance Program................................ 352
16.1 The optimum predictive maintenance
program ........................................................ 353
16.2 Predictive is not enough ....................... 356
17 Maintaining the Program ...................... 389
17.1 Trending techniques ............................. 389
17.2 Analysis techniques.............................. 390
17.4 Additional training ................................. 392
17.5 Technical support ................................. 393
17.6 Contract predictive maintenance
programs ...................................................... 393
18 World-Class Maintenance .................... 394
18.1 What is world-class maintenance? ....... 394
18.2 Five fundamentals of world-class
performance ................................................. 395
18.3 Competitive advantage ......................... 396
18.4 Focus on quality ................................... 397
18.5 Focus on maintenance ......................... 398
18.6 Overall equimpment effectiveness ....... 402
18.7 Elements of effective maintenance....... 406
18.8 Responsibilities..................................... 412
18.9 Three types of maintenance ................. 413
18.10 Supervision ......................................... 419
18.11 Standard procedures .......................... 424
18.12 Workforce development...................... 426
Index ............................................................ 435

download link: 4 share

HOW TO READ PARTS BOOK FOR KOMATSU

Contents
1. INTRODUCTION 2
2. MICROFICHE ILLUSTRATIONS 3·5
3. READING AND UNDERSTANDING
THE PARTS BOOK 6·12
(1 ) Figure and Index Number , , . . . .. 6
(2) Part Number , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
(3) Part Name : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 8
(4) Quantlty 9
(5) Serial Number 10
(6) Remarks 11·12




DOWNLOAD LINK: MEDIAFIRE

BOLT AND NUT

DOWNLOAD LINK:MEDIAFIIRE

Hydraulic Fundamentals

UNIT 1:
Lesson 1: Safety
UNIT 2:
Lesson 1: Hydraulic Principles
UNIT 3:
Lesson 1: Hydraulic Tank
Lesson 2: Hydraulic Fluids
Lesson 3: Hydraulic Pumps and Motors
Lesson 4: Pressure Control Valves
Lesson 5: Direction Control Valves
Lesson 6: Flow Control Valves
Lesson 7: Cylinders
UNIT 4:
Lesson 1: Pilot Operated Implement Hydraulic System
GLOSSARY:
Glossary of Terms
Abbreviations
Table of Contents


DOWNLAOD LINK:        MEDIAFIRE

Engine Testing Theory and Practice

 Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction xi
Units and conversion factors xv
1 Test facility specification, system integration and project organization 1
2 The test cell as a thermodynamic system 14
3 Vibration and noise 21
4 Test cell and control room design: an overall view 47
5 Ventilation and air conditioning 72
6 Test cell cooling water and exhaust gas systems 108
7 Fuel and oil storage, supply and treatment 129
8 Dynamometers and the measurement of torque 144
9 Coupling the engine to the dynamometer 170
10 Electrical design considerations 197
11 Test cell control and data acquisition 216
12 Measurement of fuel, combustion air and oil consumption 242
13 Thermal efficiency, measurement of heat and mechanical losses 263
14 The combustion process and combustion analysis 282
15 The test department organization, health and safety management, risk
assessment correlation of results and design of experiments 308
16 Exhaust emissions 324
17 Tribology, fuel and lubrication testing 354
18 Chassis or rolling road dynamometers 368
19 Data collection, handling, post-test processing, engine calibration
and mapping 395
20 The pursuit and definition of accuracy: statistical analysis of test results 408
Index 423


DOWNLOAD LINK: MEDIAFIRE

WASTEWATER ENGINEERING

DOWNLAOD LINK:MEDIAFIRE

Welded design ± theory and practice

Preface ix
Introduction xii
1 The engineer 1
1.1 Responsibility of the engineer 1
1.2 Achievements of the engineer 3
1.3 The role of welding 7
1.4 Other materials 9
1.5 The welding engineer as part of the team 10
2 Metals 11
2.1 Steels 11
2.2 Aluminium alloys 20
3 Fabrication processes 22
3.1 Origins 22
3.2 Basic features of the commonly used welding processes 25
3.3 Cutting 32
3.4 Bending 32
3.5 Residual stresses and distortion 33
3.6 Post weld heat treatment 35
4 Considerations in designing a welded joint 36
4.1 Joints and welds 36
4.2 Terminology 39
4.3 Weld preparations 42
4.4 Dimensional tolerances 50
4.5 Access 52
5 Static strength 54
5.1 Butt welds 54
5.2 Fillet welds 55
6 Fatigue cracking 59
6.1 The mechanism 59
6.2 Welded joints 62
6.3 Residual stresses 67
6.4 Thickness effect 67
6.5 Environmental effects 68
6.6 Calculating the fatigue life of a welded detail 68
7 Brittle fracture 75
7.1 Conventional approaches to design against brittle fracture 75
7.2 Fracture toughness testing and specification 77
7.3 Fracture mechanics and other tests 79
8 Structural design 82
8.1 Structural forms 82
8.2 Design philosophies 90
8.3 Limit state design 95
9 Offshore structures 96
9.1 The needs of deepwater structures 96
9.2 The North Sea environment 98
9.3 The research 101
9.4 Platform design and construction 104
9.5 Service experience 105
10 Management systems 106
10.1 Basic requirements 106
10.2 Contracts and specifications 106
10.3 Formal management systems 108
10.4 Welded fabrication 109
11 Weld quality 111
11.1 Weld defects 111
11.2 Quality control 119
11.3 Welded repairs 126
vi Contents
11.4 Engineering critical assessment 127
12 Standards 131
12.1 What we mean by standards 131
12.2 Standard specifications 131
References 135
Bibliography 138
Index 139

DOWNLAOD LINK: MEDIA

Vibration of Mechanical Systems

CONTENTS
Preface page xiii
1 Equivalent Single-Degree-of-Freedom System and Free
Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Degrees of Freedom 3
1.2 Elements of a Vibratory System 5
1.2.1 Mass and/or Mass-Moment of Inertia 5
Pure Translational Motion 5
Pure Rotational Motion 6
Planar Motion (Combined Rotation
and Translation) of a Rigid Body 6
Special Case: Pure Rotation about a Fixed Point 8
1.2.2 Spring 8
Pure Translational Motion 8
Pure Rotational Motion 9
1.2.3 Damper 10
Pure Translational Motion 10
Pure Rotational Motion 11
1.3 Equivalent Mass, Equivalent Stiffness, and Equivalent
Damping Constant for an SDOF System 12
1.3.1 A Rotor–Shaft System 13
1.3.2 Equivalent Mass of a Spring 14
1.3.3 Springs in Series and Parallel 16
Springs in Series 16
Springs in Parallel 17
1.3.4 An SDOF System with Two Springs and Combined
Rotational and Translational Motion 19
1.3.5 Viscous Dampers in Series and Parallel 22
Contents
Dampers in Series 22
Dampers in Parallel 23
1.4 Free Vibration of an Undamped SDOF System 25
1.4.1 Differential Equation of Motion 25
Energy Approach 27
1.4.2 Solution of the Differential Equation of Motion
Governing Free Vibration of an Undamped
Spring–Mass System 34
1.5 Free Vibration of a Viscously Damped SDOF System 40
1.5.1 Differential Equation of Motion 40
1.5.2 Solution of the Differential Equation of Motion
Governing Free Vibration of a Damped
Spring–Mass System 41
Case I: Underdamped (0 < ξ < 1 or 0 < ceq < cc) 42
Case II: Critically Damped (ξ = 1 or ceq = cc) 45
Case III: Overdamped (ξ > 1 or ceq > cc) 46
1.5.3 Logarithmic Decrement: Identification of Damping
Ratio from Free Response of an Underdamped
System (0 < ξ < 1) 51
Solution 55
1.6 Stability of an SDOF Spring–Mass–Damper System 58
Exercise Problems 63
2 Vibration of a Single-Degree-of-Freedom System Under
Constant and PurelyHarmonic Excitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2.1 Responses of Undamped and Damped SDOF Systems
to a Constant Force 72
Case I: Undamped (ξ = 0) and Underdamped
(0 < ξ < 1) 74
Case II: Critically Damped (ξ = 1 or ceq = cc) 75
Case III: Overdamped (ξ > 1 or ceq > cc) 76
2.2 Response of an Undamped SDOF System
to a Harmonic Excitation 82
Case I: ω = ωn 83
Case II: ω = ωn (Resonance) 84
Case I: ω = ωn 87
Case II: ω = ωn 87
2.3 Response of a Damped SDOF System to a Harmonic
Excitation 88
Particular Solution 89
Case I: Underdamped (0 < ξ < 1 or 0 < ceq < cc) 92
Case II: Critically Damped (ξ = 1 or ceq = cc) 92
Case III: Overdamped (ξ > 1 or ceq > cc) 94
2.3.1 Steady State Response 95
2.3.2 Force Transmissibility 101
2.3.3 Quality Factor and Bandwidth 106
Quality Factor 106
Bandwidth 107
2.4 Rotating Unbalance 109
2.5 Base Excitation 116
2.6 Vibration Measuring Instruments 121
2.6.1 Vibrometer 123
2.6.2 Accelerometer 126
2.7 Equivalent Viscous Damping for Nonviscous Energy
Dissipation 128
Exercise Problems 132
3 Responses of an SDOF Spring–Mass–Damper System
to Periodic andArbitrary Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
3.1 Response of an SDOF System to a Periodic Force 138
3.1.1 Periodic Function and its Fourier Series Expansion 139
3.1.2 Even and Odd Periodic Functions 142
Fourier Coefficients for Even Periodic Functions 143
Fourier Coefficients for Odd Periodic Functions 145
3.1.3 Fourier Series Expansion of a Function
with a Finite Duration 147
3.1.4 Particular Integral (Steady-State Response
with Damping) Under Periodic Excitation 151
3.2 Response to an Excitation with Arbitrary Nature 154
3.2.1 Unit Impulse Function δ(t − a) 155
3.2.2 Unit Impulse Response of an SDOF System
with Zero Initial Conditions 156
Case I: Undamped and Underdamped System
(0 ≤ ξ < 1) 158
Case II: Critically Damped (ξ = 1 or ceq = cc) 158
Case III: Overdamped (ξ >1 or ceq>cc) 159
3.2.3 Convolution Integral: Response to an Arbitrary
Excitation with Zero Initial Conditions 160
3.2.4 Convolution Integral: Response to an Arbitrary
Excitation with Nonzero Initial Conditions 165
Case I: Undamped and Underdamped
(0 ≤ ξ <1 or 0 ≤ ceq<cc) 166
Case II: Critically Damped (ξ = 1 or ceq = cc) 166
Case III: Overdamped (ξ > 1 or ceq > cc) 166
3.3 Laplace Transformation 168
3.3.1 Properties of Laplace Transformation 169
3.3.2 Response of an SDOF System via Laplace
Transformation 170
3.3.3 Transfer Function and Frequency Response
Function 173
Significance of Transfer Function 175
Poles and Zeros of Transfer Function 175
Frequency Response Function 176
Exercise Problems 179
4 Vibration of Two-Degree-of-Freedom-Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
4.1 Mass, Stiffness, and Damping Matrices 187
4.2 Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes 192
4.2.1 Eigenvalue/Eigenvector Interpretation 197
4.3 Free Response of an Undamped 2DOF System 198
Solution 200
4.4 Forced Response of an Undamped 2DOF System Under
Sinusoidal Excitation 201
4.5 Free Vibration of a Damped 2DOF System 203
4.6 Steady-State Response of a Damped 2DOF System
Under Sinusoidal Excitation 209
4.7 Vibration Absorber 212
4.7.1 Undamped Vibration Absorber 212
4.7.2 Damped Vibration Absorber 220
Case I: Tuned Case ( f = 1 or ω22 = ω11) 224
Case II: No restriction on f (Absorber not tuned
to main system) 224
4.8 Modal Decomposition of Response 227
Case I: Undamped System (C = 0) 228
Case II: Damped System (C = 0) 228
Exercise Problems 231
5 Finite and Infinite (Continuous) Dimensional Systems . . . . . . . . . . 237
5.1 Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems 237
5.1.1 Natural Frequencies and Modal Vectors
(Mode Shapes) 239
5.1.2 Orthogonality of Eigenvectors for Symmetric Mass
and Symmetric Stiffness Matrices 242
5.1.3 Modal Decomposition 245
Case I: Undamped System (C = 0) 246
Case II: Proportional or Rayleigh Damping 249
5.2 Continuous Systems Governed by Wave Equations 250
5.2.1 Transverse Vibration of a String 250
Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes 251
Computation of Response 255
5.2.2 Longitudinal Vibration of a Bar 258
5.2.3 Torsional Vibration of a Circular Shaft 261
5.3 Continuous Systems: Transverse Vibration of a Beam 265
5.3.1 Governing Partial Differential Equation of Motion 265
5.3.2 Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes 267
Simply Supported Beam 269
Cantilever Beam 271
5.3.3 Computation of Response 273
5.4 Finite Element Analysis 279
5.4.1 Longitudinal Vibration of a Bar 279
Total Kinetic and Potential Energies of the Bar 283
5.4.2 Transverse Vibration of a Beam 286
Total Kinetic and Potential Energies of the Beam 291
Exercise Problems 295
APPENDIX A: EQUIVALENT STIFFNESSES (SPRING
CONSTANTS) OF BEAMS, TORSIONAL SHAFT, AND
LONGITUDINAL BAR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
APPENDIX B: SOME MATHEMATICAL FORMULAE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
APPENDIX C: LAPLACE TRANSFORM TABLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
References 305
Index 307
 ျမန္မာအင္ဂ်င္နီယာဖိုရမ္မွ ေအးေက်ာ္ထူး လင့္မွရရွိပါသည္။ ကိုေအးေက်ာ္ထူးကို ေက်းဇူးတင္ပါသည္။

DOWNLAOD LINK:  mediafire

PARTS CATALOGUE FOR Komatsu Loader WA 470 serial number 53001 and up

စက္တစီးျပင္ဆင္မယ္ဆိုရင္ လိုအပ္လာေသာ parts ကို မွာယူႏိုင္ဖို႕သက္ဆိုင္ရာ PARTS CALTALOGUE  ေတြကို ကိုးကားထားရပါတယ္။ ဒီစာအုပ္ကေတာ့ Komatsu Loader WA 470 serial number 53001 and up  အတြက္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ။လုိအပ္ရင္ ေအာက္ကလင့္ မွာ ေဒါင္းသြားႏိုင္ပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ား။

downlaod link: MEDIAFIRE

Komatsu Loader WA 470 serial number 53001 and up

စက္တစီးျပင္ဆင္ေတာ့မယ္ဆိုရင္ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ wrokshop mannual ေတြကို မျဖစ္မေန ကိုးကားရပါတယ္။ ဘာလို႕လဲဆိုေတာ့ company က ထုတ္တဲ့ ပစၥည္းကို သူ႕company ကေပးတဲ့ repair limit ေတြအတိုင္းျပင္ဆင္ဖို႕လိုအပ္လို႕ပါပဲ တခ်ိဳ႕အရပ္ထဲမွာ ေျပာေလ့ရွိပါတယ္။ မလိုပါဘူးကြာ တဲ့ ဒါမဟုတ္ေသးပါဘူး ၊ ဥပမာ crankshaft နဲ႕ main bearing ၾကားထဲက clearance ဘယ္ေလာက္ထားလဲလိဳ႕ ေမးၾကည့္ေတာ့ ဂ်ာနယ္ စာရြက္ တထုစာတဲ့၊ အဲဒါအိုေကပဲတဲ့ ။ စကားပံု တခုရွိပါတယ္ ။ A little knowledge is very dangerous  တဲ့ ။ ထားပါေတာ့ ဗ်ာ အဲဒီဂ်ာနယ္ စာရြက္ထုတ္တဲ့ ဟာက အျမဲတမ္း ထပ္တူညီ တဲ့ အထူ ေတြကို အျမဲတမ္းထုတ္ႏုိင္ပါ့မလား၊ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႕စက္ျပင္ပညာရပ္ ၾကီးၾကီးက်ယ္က်ယ္ေျပာရင္ mechanical ပညာရပ္ပိုင္းမွာ instruments ေတြနဲ႕ အလြန္တိက်စြာ တိုင္းတာ ရတဲ့အပိုင္းေတြရွိပါတယ္။ ဆံခ်ည္ မ်ွင္ထက္ေသးငယ္တဲ့အပိုင္းေတြ အထိေပါ့ ။ အဲေတာ့ ဒီ wear limit ေတြကို ၾကည့္ျပီး စက္ပစၥည္းအစိတ္အပိုင္းေတြကို ျပန္သံုးမလား အသစ္လဲမလား ျပင္သံုးမလား စသျဖင့္ ဆံုးျဖတ္ဖို႕ Mannuals ေတြကို ကိုးကားထားရပါတယ္။ ဒီစာအုပ္ကေတာ့ Komatsu Loader WA 470 serial number 53001 and up အတြက္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္ ။လုိအပ္ရင္ ေအာက္ကလင့္ မွာ ေဒါင္းသြားႏိုင္ပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်ား။


download link: Medaifire